Sliding bearing always plays a key role in the mechanical system with high speed rotation, heavy load and long period operation. Its performance not only determines the stability of the spindle and transmission system, but also directly affects the overall life and reliability of the equipment. With the development of manufacturing industry towards high precision and high efficiency, traditional materials have gradually failed to meet the new requirements in terms of wear resistance and service life, and various innovative materials are becoming a new direction to improve the performance of sliding bearings.

I. New composite metal materials

High tin blue copper and nickel-based alloy

Compared with traditional bronze, high-tin bronze has better fatigue resistance and impact resistance. However, nickel-based alloys can maintain stable hardness and wear resistance at high temperature and high speed. This kind of material greatly reduces the friction and wear rate by homogenizing the microstructure.

Bimetallic composite lining

Combining steel matrix with copper alloy or aluminum alloy layer can give consideration to strength and wear resistance. Steel provides rigidity and bearing capacity, and copper or aluminum alloy layer provides lubricity and thermal conductivity, which can effectively prolong the service life of bearings.

Second, solid lubricating materials

Coating containing graphite or molybdenum disulfide

Coating the sliding surface with graphite or molybdenum disulfide can maintain a certain lubrication effect under the condition of oil shortage or high temperature, and reduce the probability of direct contact between metals.

Polymer filling material

The introduction of solid lubricating fillers such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) or POM (polyoxymethylene) into the metal matrix can significantly reduce the friction factor and increase the ability to resist adhesive wear.

Third, ceramics and metal matrix composites

Ceramic particle reinforced alloy

Ceramic particles such as alumina and silicon carbide are evenly distributed in metal matrix to form metal matrix composite (MMC), which not only retains the toughness of metal, but also obtains the high hardness and wear resistance of ceramics.

Surface ceramization technology

By plasma spraying or laser cladding, the ceramic layer is deposited on the sliding surface to form a dense wear-resistant layer. This kind of technology is especially suitable for high-speed and heavy-duty equipment.

Four, nano and ultra-structure materials

Nano-modified copper alloy

Using nano-grain refinement technology can significantly improve the hardness and fatigue life of the alloy, so that the material can still maintain stable performance under long-term friction.

Ultra-structure laminated material

Through the design of multi-layer metal-polymer alternating layers, a "self-healing" interface can be formed in the operation of bearings, and local wear can be reduced.

Five, heat treatment and surface modification technology

The advantages of innovative materials often need the cooperation of advanced technology. Through surface modification technologies such as carburizing, nitriding and ion implantation, the thickness and bonding strength of wear-resistant layer of sliding bearing can be further improved, making it more durable under harsh working conditions.

VI. Industry Trends and Application Value

With the continuous improvement of equipment running speed and load, the material innovation of sliding bearing is changing from single metal to composite, multi-layer and functionally graded materials. This not only improves the wear resistance, but also realizes comprehensive optimization in heat conduction, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. For manufacturing enterprises, selecting suitable innovative materials and matching advanced processing technology can effectively reduce maintenance costs and improve the stability of equipment operation.

VII. Conclusion

The introduction of innovative materials has made sliding bearings take a key step in wear resistance and service life. In the future, with the deep integration of material science and manufacturing technology, sliding bearings will be more adaptable to complex working conditions and provide more solid support for mechanical equipment.